Ukufakwa Kwesakhiwo Sensimbi
Isakhiwo sensimbi isakhiwo esakhiwe ngezinto zensimbi futhi ingenye yezinhlobo eziyinhloko zezakhiwo zokwakha.Isakhiwo sakhiwe ngokuyinhloko ngemishayo yensimbi, amakholomu ensimbi, izigxobo zensimbi nezinye izakhi ezenziwe ngensimbi yesigaba nezingcwecwe zensimbi, futhi samukela ukususwa kokugqwala kanye nezinqubo zokuvimbela ukugqwala ezifana ne-silanization, i-manganese phosphating emsulwa, ukuwasha nokomisa, nokufaka uthayela.Ama-welds, ama-bolts noma ama-rivets ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izingxenye noma izingxenye.Ngenxa yesisindo sayo esincane nokwakhiwa okulula, isetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-workshops amakhulu, izindawo, izindawo eziphakeme kakhulu kanye neminye imikhakha.Isakhiwo sensimbi kulula ukugqwala.Ngokuvamile, isakhiwo sensimbi sidinga ukuchithwa, ukufakwa kwe-galvanized noma ukupenda, futhi kudinga ukugcinwa njalo.
Izici zensimbi zingamandla aphezulu, isisindo esincane, ukuqina okuhle okuphelele, nokumelana okuqinile nokuguqulwa, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ikakhulukazi ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezinkulu, eziphakeme kakhulu, nezisindayo;impahla ine-homogeneity enhle ne-isotropy, futhi iyanwebeka ekahle.Kuhambisana nokuqagela okuyisisekelo komshini wobunjiniyela ojwayelekile;impahla ine-plasticity enhle nokuqina, ingaba ne-deformation enkulu, futhi ingakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo eguquguqukayo kahle;isikhathi sokwakha sifushane;izinga layo lokuthuthuka kwezimboni liphezulu, futhi lingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza okukhethekile ngezinga eliphezulu lokusebenzisa imishini.
Insimbi enamandla amakhulu kufanele ifundwe ngezakhiwo zensimbi ukuze ithuthukise kakhulu amandla ayo okuvunwa;ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezintsha zensimbi kufanele zigoqwe, njenge-H-beam (eyaziwa nangokuthi insimbi ene-wide-flange) kanye nensimbi emise okwe-T kanye namapuleti ensimbi anephrofayili ukuze avumelane nezakhiwo ezinobubanzi obukhulu kanye nesidingo sezakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu. .
Ngaphezu kwalokho, alukho uhlelo lwesakhiwo sensimbi yokukhanya kwebhuloho elishisayo.Isakhiwo ngokwaso asiwongi amandla.Lobu buchwepheshe busebenzisa izixhumi ezikhethekile ezihlakaniphile ukuxazulula inkinga yamabhuloho abandayo futhi ashisayo esakhiweni;isakhiwo esincane se-truss sivumela izintambo kanye namapayipi amanzi aphezulu naphansi ukuba adlule odongeni.Ukuhlobisa kuyinto elula.
Izici zesakhiwo sensimbi
1. Amandla aphezulu wezinto ezibonakalayo nesisindo esincane
Insimbi inamandla aphezulu kanye ne-modulus ephezulu yokunwebeka.Uma kuqhathaniswa nokhonkolo nokhuni, isilinganiso sokuminyana kwayo ukuze sikhiqize amandla sincane, ngakho-ke ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokucindezeleka, isakhiwo sensimbi sinesigaba esincane sesiphambano nesisindo esincane, esilungele ukuthuthwa nokufakwa, futhi kufanelekile ama-spans amakhulu, ukuphakama okuphezulu, nemithwalo esindayo.Isakhiwo.
2. Ukuqina kwensimbi, ipulasitiki enhle, izinto ezifanayo kanye nokuthembeka okuphezulu kwesakhiwo
Ifanele ukuthwala ukushaqeka nomthwalo oshukumisayo, futhi inokusebenza okuhle kokuzamazama komhlaba.Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sensimbi siyafana, siseduze nomzimba we-isotropic homogeneous.Ukusebenza kwangempela kokusebenza kwesakhiwo sensimbi kuhambisana kakhulu nethiyori yokubala.Ngakho-ke, ukwethembeka kwesakhiwo sensimbi kuphezulu.
3. Izinga eliphezulu lemishini yokukhiqiza nokufakwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi
Amalungu esakhiwo sensimbi kulula ukukhiqiza emafektri futhi ahlangane esizeni.Ukwenziwa kwefekthri ngomshini kwezingxenye zesakhiwo sensimbi kunokunemba okuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu, isivinini sokuhlanganisa esisheshayo esizeni, nesikhathi sokwakha esifushane.Isakhiwo sensimbi yisona sakhiwo esithuthuke kakhulu.
4. Ukusebenza kahle kokubekwa uphawu kwesakhiwo sensimbi
Ngenxa yokuthi isakhiwo esishiselwe singavalwa ngokuphelele, singenziwa sibe yiziqukathi ezinomfutho ophezulu, amachibi amakhulu kawoyela, amapayipi okucindezela, njll.
5. Isakhiwo sensimbi asikwazi ukumelana nokushisa futhi asikwazi ukumelana nomlilo
Uma izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kuka-150 ° C, izakhiwo zensimbi zishintsha kancane.Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo sensimbi sifanelekile kuma-workshops ashisayo, kodwa lapho ubuso besakhiwo buvezwa emisebeni yokushisa engaba ngu-150 ° C, kufanele ivikelwe ibhodi lokushisa ukushisa.Uma izinga lokushisa liphakathi kuka-300°C no-400°C, amandla nemodulus enwebekayo yensimbi kuncipha kakhulu.Uma izinga lokushisa licishe libe ngu-600°C, amandla ensimbi afinyelela ku-zero.Ezakhiweni ezinezidingo ezikhethekile zokuvikela umlilo, isakhiwo sensimbi kufanele sivikelwe ngezinto eziphikisayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe isilinganiso sokumelana nomlilo.
6. Ukumelana nokugqwala okungalungile kwesakhiwo sensimbi
Ikakhulukazi endaweni yemithombo yezindaba emanzi futhi ebolayo, kulula ukugqwala.Ngokuvamile, isakhiwo sensimbi sidinga ukuchithwa, ukufakwa kwe-galvanized noma ukupenda, futhi kudinga ukugcinwa njalo.Ngokwesakhiwo seplatifomu ye-offshore emanzini olwandle, izinyathelo ezikhethekile njengokuthi "ukuvikelwa kwe-zinc block anode" kufanele kwamukelwe ukuvimbela ukugqwala.
7. Ikhabhoni ephansi, ukonga amandla, ukuvikelwa okuluhlaza kanye nemvelo, ukubhidlizwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi esisebenziseka kabusha ngeke kukhiqize udoti wokwakha, futhi insimbi ingagaywa kabusha futhi isetshenziswe kabusha.
Isibonisi somkhiqizo
